Which scenario may lead to eustachian tube dysfunction?

Eustachian tube dysfunction often arises from scenarios that affect the pressure difference between the middle ear and the atmosphere. Rapid changes in altitude, such as during the takeoff or landing of an airplane, can create a significant difference in pressure that the Eustachian tube may struggle to equalize. This often leads to discomfort and improper ventilation of the middle ear, culminating in dysfunction.

In contrast, increased earwax buildup primarily affects hearing but does not directly influence Eustachian tube function. Exposure to cold temperatures may cause nasal congestion which could indirectly affect the Eustachian tube, but this is not as direct or common a cause. Watching movies at high volume, although potentially harmful to hearing, does not exert any pressure changes that would lead to dysfunction of the Eustachian tube. Thus, the association between rapid altitude changes and Eustachian tube dysfunction is well established, making it the correct scenario in this context.